Type 1A Supernovae are extremely powerful events that occur in binary systems that contain at least one white dwarf star-the nuclear rest of a sun-like star. Sometimes the mighty gravity of the white dwarf will take off the material from its companion star until it reaches and explodes the critical mass. In another scenario, a binary system of two white dwarfs will merge and the critical mass required for a supernova is generated. In contrast to regular supernovae, which occur on the Milky Way every fifty years, Type -ia -Supernovae appear about every five hundred years.
In addition to incredible events, Type -1a -Supernovae are useful astronometric tools. As part of the cosmic spacer, these explosions enable astronomers to measure distances to objects that are millions or billions of lights away. This is of crucial importance for measuring the rate with which the universe is expanding, also of crucial importance. Thanks to an international team of researchers, a catalog of the type -1a -supernovae has just been released, which could change what we know about the basic physics of supernovae and the expansion story of the universe.
This new catalog is the second data publication (DR2) from the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF), an astronomical survey with a wide field that started in 2018. This survey is based on the ZTF telescope in the Palomar Observatory near San Diego, California. It has classified over 8,000 supernovae, including 3628 near the type 1A (SNE IA) type, which has more than doubled the number of the number of well -known SNE discoveries in the past 30 years. Although the depth and survey strategy of the ZTF are rare, the ZTF cooperation made it possible almost four per night.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=40Sckpqqwri
This catalog contains 3628 near Sne IA and is the first large and homogeneous data set -astrophysicist that can access. The publication is described in a article published in Astronomy & Astrophysics on February 14 in addition to a special edition with 21 related publications. The main authors of the paper are Dr. Mickael Rigault, Head of the ZTF Cosmology Science Working Group and research scientist at the Center National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon and Dr. Matthew Smith, lecturer in astrophysics at Lancaster University. Like Dr. Rigault said:
“In the past five years, a group of thirty experts from all over the world has collected, put together, put together, compiled and analyzed this data. We are now adding it to the entire community. This sample is so unique in terms of size and homogeneity that we expect that you have a significant impact on the area of Supernovae cosmology and, in addition to the already published results, lead to many other new discoveries. “
The key component of the ZTF system is its 47 square meter, 600 megapixel-cryogenic CCD mosaic science camera. The camera scans the entire northern sky every day in three optical ribbons with a size of 20.5, so that it can recognize almost all supernovae to earth within 1.5 billion light years. Co-author Prof. Kate Maguire from Trinity College Dublin said: “Thanks to ZTF's unique ability to scan the sky quickly and deep [the] Explosion that delivers new restrictions on the end of your life. “
The final purpose of the survey is to determine the expansion rate of the universe (also known as the Hubble constant). Since the late 1990s and the observations of the Hubble Deep Fields, the SNE IA used to measure cosmic expansion, astronomers have known that the expansion rate accelerates. This effectively showed that the Hubble constant is not constant and led to the theory of dark energy. In addition, the ability to observe the universe up to about 1 billion years after the big bang led to the “crisis in cosmology”.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jam61h0sa3q
Also referred to as the “Hubble tension”, astronomers found that distant measurements along the cosmic conductor produced different values. Since then, cosmologists have been looking for explanations for this tension, which contain the possibility of early dark energy (EDE). An essential part of this is to get really precise measurements of cosmic distances. Co-author professor Ariel Gooobar, director of the Oskar Klein-Center in Stockholm and one of the founding institutions from ZTF, was also a member of the team, which discovered the accelerated expansion of the universe in 1998.
“Ultimately, the goal is to answer one of the greatest questions of our time in basic physics and cosmology, namely what is most of the universe?” she said. “For this we need the ZTF Supernova data.” One of the greatest findings from this catalog and the studies that have become creation is that the Überovae of Type IA vary more than previously assumed from its host environment. As a result, the correction mechanism used so far must be revised, which could change the way we measure the expansion rate of the universe.
This could have consequences for the standard model of cosmology – also known as. The Lambda Cold Dark Matery (Lambda-CDM) model and problems that result from it, like the Hubble tension. This data is essential when the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope (RST) starts space and makes observations that lead to the first wide field cards of the universe. In combination with observations from the ESA's Euclide mission, these cards could finally solve the secret of dark matter and cosmic expansion. Like Dr. Rigault said:
“With this large and homogeneous data record, we can examine Type -ia Supernovae with an unprecedented level of precision and accuracy. This is a crucial step to improve the use of Supernovae of type IA in cosmology and evaluation[ing] If current deviations in cosmology are due to new basic physics or unknown problem[s] In the way we derive distances. “
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qsmuqbiaq4c
Further reading: Lancaster University, astronomy and astrophysics
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